Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or moles using PV=nRT
Gas Law Equation: PV = nRT
P × V = n × R × T
Pressure × Volume = Moles × Gas Constant × Temperature
About the Ideal Gas Law
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
The ideal gas law is an equation of state that describes the behavior of an ideal gas. It relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount (moles) of a gas through the equation PV = nRT.
Variables
- P = Pressure (atm, kPa, mmHg, torr, Pa)
- V = Volume (Liters)
- n = Number of moles (mol)
- R = Gas constant (varies by units)
- T = Temperature (Kelvin)
Gas Constant (R) Values
- 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K) - Most common
- 8.314 J/(mol·K) - SI units
- 8.314 L·kPa/(mol·K)
- 62.364 L·mmHg/(mol·K) or L·torr/(mol·K)
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
At STP (0°C or 273.15 K, 1 atm), one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters. This is a useful reference point for gas calculations.
Temperature Conversions
- Kelvin (K) = Celsius (°C) + 273.15
- Kelvin (K) = (Fahrenheit (°F) + 459.67) × 5/9
- Always use Kelvin in gas law calculations
Example Problem
Question: What is the pressure of 1 mole of gas at 273.15 K in a 22.4 L container?
Solution: P = nRT/V = (1 mol)(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(273.15 K) / (22.4 L) = 1.00 atm
Applications
- Chemistry stoichiometry problems
- Gas behavior predictions
- Engineering calculations
- Atmospheric science
- Scuba diving calculations
- Weather balloon design
Limitations
The ideal gas law assumes gases behave ideally (no intermolecular forces, negligible molecular volume). Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures. For more accurate results with real gases, use the Van der Waals equation.
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