Mirror Equation Calculator
Calculate Image Properties
Calculate image distance, object distance, focal length, and magnification using the mirror equation (1/f = 1/v + 1/u).
Mirror Parameters
cm
Negative for objects in front of mirror
cm
Negative for virtual images
cm
Negative for convex mirrors
Formulas
1/f = 1/v + 1/u
m = -v/u
Sign Convention
- • Object distance (u): Always negative
- • Real image (v): Positive
- • Virtual image (v): Negative
- • Concave mirror (f): Positive
- • Convex mirror (f): Negative
Concave Mirrors
Converging mirrors with positive focal length. Can form real or virtual images.
- Real, inverted images when object beyond focus
- Virtual, erect images when object within focus
- Used in telescopes, makeup mirrors
Convex Mirrors
Diverging mirrors with negative focal length. Always form virtual, erect, diminished images.
- Virtual, erect, diminished images always
- Wider field of view
- Used in vehicle side mirrors, security
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